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The Ivory Tower Changes Wall Street

For as long as there has been a stock market, investors have sought a reliable framework to determine the future direction of prices. Success has been elusive. But thanks to the work of three American economists, we operate today with a better understanding than prior generations of what determines an asset’s price.

For their work, Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen, and Robert Shiller were awarded the 2013 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. We can see the impact of their research in the development of low-cost index mutual funds and a methodology for identifying when home prices may reach irrational levels.1

EUGENE FAMA

Fama is considered the father of the “efficient markets theory,” which postulates that markets are exceedingly good at incorporating all known information into the value of an asset, making it difficult to predict the short-term direction of a stock or bond.2

Fama is famous for describing market movements as nothing more than a “random walk,” discounting the efficacy of price-prediction models. This view led to the conclusion that investors could do as well, or even better, by investing in a passively managed index fund.

Index mutual funds are sold only by prospectus. Please consider the charges, risks, expenses, and investment objectives carefully before investing. A prospectus containing this and other information about the investment company can be obtained from your financial professional. Read it carefully before you invest or send money.

ROBERT SHILLER

Shiller’s work brought us a different, even contradictory, view. His research suggested that mispricing of assets may occur because of human behavior, which can lead to excessively high or low prices relative to their true value. His work also focused on home prices, which employed a cost ratio between home prices and rent to ascertain fair value of current home prices. Shiller may be best known for his co-development of the Case-Shiller Home Price Index.

LARS PETER HANSEN

Hansen’s research built on Shiller’s work, using statistical models to determine what drove market volatility. His work was more esoteric, but well valued by other economists. He concluded that the mispricings that Shiller had identified were connected to investors’ changing risk appetite. Hansen argued that investors become more risk averse during bad times and more aggressive during good times.

At first glance, it may be perplexing that the Nobel Committee awarded the prize to men espousing differing theories, but collectively, they made important contributions to our body of knowledge on how assets are priced.

Trevor Randall, financial advisor in Long Beach

President and CEO of Randall Wealth Management Group

As a Certified Financial Planner® (CFP®) and Retirement Income Certified Professional® with over a 10 years of experience, Trevor Randall specializes in personalized retirement planning. As President and CEO of Randall Wealth Management Group, a family business established over 30 years ago, he prioritize hands-on care and detailed investment research to ensure every portfolio decision is accurate.

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